ADVENTURE TOURISM
Adventure tourism is a tourist activity
that involves physical activity, cultural exchange, or activities in nature.
Adventure tourism is the traveling of people from one place to another to
explore remote and unusual areas that include physical activities. Adventure
tourism is also known as a physically challenging element of a tourist’s
experience. Adventure tourism is a way of experiencing major attractions in an
outdoor environment that has natural features. Therefore, adventure tourism can
refer to activities for tourists which have high level risks or
excitement. Following are examples of adventure tourism.
· Hiking
· Sky diving
·
Mountaineering
· Kayaking
· Water
rafting
· Camping
· Fishing
· Safaris
· Surfing,
etc.
TOURISM LIFE CYCLE (BUTLER MODEL)
The tourism area life cycle which is also
known as TALC (Butler model, 1980) consists of six stages that a tourist
experiences. These stages of a tourist destination are as following.
1. Exploration
2. Involvement
3. Development
4. Consolidation
5. Stagnation
6. Decline or Rejuvenation Butler’s model consists of a simple linear graph, which shows different stages in tourism development regarding the number of tourist growth. In this model, Butler demonstrated 6 stages of tourism development.
Diagram 1: The Theoretical life cycle of a destination
EXPLORATION
At this stage, the tourism life cycle
begins with the social and economic benefits. Tourism attractions are focused
on nature as well as culture. This is the first phase when governments and
local people start to think about tourism and how they could capitalize on the
opportunities of this industry.
1. INVOLVEMENT
The involvement sets to focus on tourism development.
Accommodation sectors gain attention from the tourists, foreign investors show
signs of interest in investments and government sectors develop the transport
infrastructure and collect resources for the community, such as airports,
health care facilities, roads, etc.
2. DEVELOPMENT Tourists’
numbers rapidly increase at this stage because of the
development in different areas such as the promotion of artificial attraction,
betterment of the environment through sustainability, improving roads and
transportation, enhanced accessibility, medical facilities, etc.
3. CONSOLIDATION
The growth rate of tourism declines; decreasing the
number of tourists and the negligence of taking proper care of the products and
services.
4.
STAGNATION
Stagnation means
the lack of activity or growth. This stage represents the start of the decline
in the tourism industry. The number of visitors traveling around the world
reached its peak meaning the destination is no longer desirable for the
tourists. The decline in tourism means that during stagnation the visitor
numbers see a negative impact due to over-tourism.
5. DECLINE OR REJUVENATION
The outcome stage of Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle
Model (TALC) shows an overall range of possible outcomes between decline and
rejuvenation. Major redevelopments take place, adding new attraction sites,
giving attention to sustainability and a change in the target market.
BASIC TECHNIQUES, SKILLS THREATS, AND REQUIREMENTS
FOR CAMPING Camping
means an outdoor activity that involves overnight
staying without a shelter. There are different types of camping, for example,
tent camping or backpack camping, etc. People go for camping due to many
reasons that involve spending time in nature, going for an adventure,
experiencing a trip, learning how to build a fire as a camping lesson, or just
disconnecting from the technology and reconnecting with nature. However as easy
as camping seems to be, not everyone can be a perfect camper. Camping needs pre-planning
and skills to have a great camping experience. Following are the skills and
techniques for camping.
1. Geography Knowledge
For a camper knowing camping is important. It is
important to know about the ideal location for camping. A camper should know
how to read a map, be able to use a compass and a binocular, and select the
most suitable place for camping.
2. First Aid It is essential to keep
a first aid kit when going on a camping trip or an
outdoor activity as it is difficult to have access to hospitals or pharmacies
nearby. A camper should know how to use a Band-Aid and other first aid
equipment. The first aid kit helps you with injuries that commonly occur while
out camping.
3. Animal and Plantation Recognition
A camper should be aware of wildlife while camping in
natural areas. There are wildlife animals that can be seen or heard during
camping trips. Avoid taking pictures of a wild animal with a closeup. Do not
feed or throw something at them. Avoid touching or damaging plants in natural
areas while camping. Some of these plants are poisonous and toxic. They release
some kind of poison when plucked. One of the plants is poison ivy which can
cause a rash or allergies to the skin.
4. Proper Planning
It is important to plan a trip before camping. Planning
skills are an essential part of going on a camping trip. Without proper
planning, a camper will not be able to experience any safe and exciting
adventure.
5. Building a Campfire
There’s no fun in
camping without a campfire – if you want to go camping you need to know about
building a stable campfire. It also helps as a source of light, warmth, and a
tool to cook food while camping. Building a campfire also keeps the wildlife
away.
6. Survival Skills
A camper should
learn and know some basic skills to tackle any survival situation. These skills
include:
· Tying
knots of a camp
· Making a weapon out of wood
· Building a shelter
· Basic Band-Aid
· Fishing
and trapping
7. Cooking
Cooking is not a
very necessary skill while camping, but it is a useful skill under some
circumstances. If you know basic cooking you can cook by using the woods during
camping.
8. Cooperation and Interpersonal Skills
The ability and skill to cooperate with others and also
maintain a good relationship are essential to staying in good company and a
positive atmosphere. It is important to keep the temper normal in a frustrating
situation. Communicate calmly with the rest of the campers. Teamwork skills are
a great source for cooking food and building a fire camp.